How to Use a Knife Sharpener

There are a wide variety of knife sharpeners out there, but not everyone knows how to properly use a knife sharpener in order to get the best performance out of their blade. If you’re trying to figure out how to use a sharpener, you’re probably working with a honing rod or a pull-through sharpener. 

These two different types of sharpeners produce vastly different results. In general, I recommend avoiding pull-through style sharpeners altogether (more on that later). Here, I’ll review how to use a knife sharpener and detail the differences between a honing rod and a pull-through style sharpener.

Honing Rods for Sharpening

Everyone has seen a chef or a butcher rapidly running a blade along a metal honing rod before they start cutting. I used to think that those rods were sharpening the knives that they were using, and I also thought “how do they do that so fast?” Well, the speed is attainable with some practice, but the question as to whether or not those knives were actually being sharpened is harder to answer. 

Honing steels, whether they are smooth or grooved, don’t always “sharpen” a knife, which is to say they don’t remove material from the edge. Many steel hones just straighten out minor rolls and deformations in the edge of relatively soft steeled knives. Most commercial kitchen and butchering knives are (relatively) soft stainless steel blades, that will pick up small edge deformations when they contact bone or other hard substances or surfaces. By running a steel hone across both sides of the edge several times, those small imperfections get straightened out, and the cutting performance is improved. So, many hones aren’t actually honing, they are just straightening out minor rolls and deformations in the edge. It should be noted that these types of hones won’t be too effective on high-end hardened steels because the tiny spot of pressure that straightens softer steel can chip a hardened steel with too much pressure. 

However, there are hones that actually hone the edge by removing material to effectively sharpen the edge, instead of straightening it. Some grooved steel hones have “sharp” edges that will shave off tiny bits of steel, while other honing rods are made of ceramic, or have a diamond coating to remove material. Theses are the types of honing rods that I prefer for maintaining the edge on knives because they can be used like a whetstone to produce a fine edge and remove chips or other edge damage on higher hardness steel. 

How to Use a Honing Rod

There are several methods that can be used for sharpening a knife with a honing rod, but we will walk through the one I use most commonly because it is the easiest for starting out.  In my opinion, it’s also the easiest to get consistent results with. 

Step 1

Hold the honing rod by the handle with the other end pointing straight down. Place it on a level surface that won’t damage the edge. I use either a wooden or plastic cutting board for this. I’m not sure why glass cutting boards were ever made, but don’t use one of those. It will dull your knife instantly, plus the honing rod could break it. 

Note: It’s likely that some metal shavings will make it to the board, so be sure to place a paper towel under the hone, or wash the board before using it for food prep.

Step 2

Find the angle at which you want to sharpen your blade. Most kitchen and butcher knives will be between 15 and 20 degrees per side. It helps to mark the edge of the blade with a marker so you can see where the hone is contacting the edge. This way, you can adjust to a steeper or shallower angle after a couple passes on the hone. For a rough idea of where to start, you can hold the blade to the hone at a 45-degree angle, and then bring that angle down by a little more than half. Repeat this step for the other side of the edge, on the other side of the hone. 

Step 3

Once you have an angle, you’ll make a pass on the hone. Start with the heel of the knife up at the handle of the hone and make a steady pass down toward the cutting board while pulling the blade toward you. You should start at the top of the hone at the heel, and end near the bottom of the hone at the tip of the blade.

Depending on the hone, you may need to make a few passes before you get a good idea of where you’re contacting the edge. If you are contacting the whole edge bevel, just keep up the good work and maintain that consistent angle. If you need to adjust the angle, just make small adjustments until you’re there. Repeat this step for the other side of the edge. Keep the hone as straight up and down as you can to help keep your angle consistent. 

Step 4

Raise a burr on the edge. This step is sometimes optional. If your knife is dull, you should raise a burr to make sure that you have reached the apex of the edge along the length of the blade. This is done by making repetitive passes on one side of the hone until you feel a slight burr along the whole edge. It may take a few passes, or it may take a few dozen, depending on the blade steel and how damaged the edge is.

Once you raise a burr on one side, be sure to raise one on the other side before moving on to the next step. Raising a burr is optional when your knife is still fairly sharp and undamaged, but you just want to bring it back to perfect sharpness. If that is the case, and if you know the angle on the blade from previous sharpening, you can skip raising a burr. 

Step 5

Once the edge angle is established by raising a burr on both sides, you can go to alternating strokes on the hone. Make one pass per side until the burr is gone and you have your desired level of sharpness. Depending on the steel, you may even see a very thin “wire” of metal flaking or peeling off the edge, which is the burr you made being broken off by those alternating passes. Take your time and keep these passes as even and consistent as possible for the best result. 

As with most sharpening techniques, using a hone will take some practice, and a consistent angle is key to getting a good edge on your blade. Hones have the advantage of not needing water, oil, electricity, or lots of space to use. A nice hone and a steady hand can give you solid results when you’re in the kitchen or in the field. 

Read Next: How to Sharpen a Knife

Why You Should Avoid Pull-Through Sharpeners

There are, of course, other knife sharpening tools, like pull-through sharpeners, that don’t require water, oil, electricity, or lots of space. Many people enjoy the convenience and compact footprint of these sharpeners. They don’t require skill or practice to use. But, pull through style sharpeners have some major drawbacks which cause me to avoid them at all costs. 

The majority of pull through sharpeners do their job by having two carbide blades arranged in an overlapping “V” shape. As you pull the knife from heel to tip, the blades scrape off material from either side of the edge and cut the steel to the preset angle the blades are arranged at. 

The first problem is that these sharpeners always leave a burr on one side of the edge. The carbides have to overlap and the second carbide will raise a burr that won’t be removed. Some sharpeners try to address this with a set of ceramic hones positioned in a “V” to remove the burr, but they don’t work well, in my experience. 

Secondly, the carbide blades tend to “chatter” along the edge and make a wavy, almost serrated edge in places, especially near the heel of the blade. I have had quite a few blades come to my sharpening business that had these awful chatter marks from pull through sharpeners. The customers would complain that the knife just wouldn’t cut like it used to. Some blades had deep gouges from pulling the knife through a little tilted or crooked, and several needed extensive repair. 

Thirdly, the edge angles are not adjustable, and are usually quite wide. Giving these sharpeners a wide angle makes them faster, because they will cut down at the edge without having to remove too much material, but the wider the angle, the lower the cutting performance. You don’t want splitting maul edge geometry on your felling ax. I don’t want 25-degree bevels on my hunting or kitchen knives that came from the factory at 15 or 18 degrees.   

Lastly, these sharpeners just don’t do a good job. An edge can “feel” sharp with a micro burr for a short time, but the burr left behind quickly folds over and kills the edge’s performance. As an example, a friend of mine came over to help me butcher a couple whitetails I had hanging up, and he showed up with a commercial butcher knife and a pull through sharpener. He “sharpened” before we started, and three times during the process. My knife was good to go the whole time, and field dressed and butchered another deer later that season, never needing to be touched. 

Read Next: Best Boning Knives

How to Use a Knife Sharpener Q&A

Final Thoughts on How to Use a Knife Sharpener

Taking the time to learn how to sharpen with stones, hones, belts, and strops is well worth the trouble. Leave the pull through sharpeners out of the mix. You can get better, more consistent results with lots of other methods that won’t damage your edge, and will let you choose your angle. 

If you want the portability of a small pull through sharpener for a backcountry hunt, there are ceramic hone rods or diamond stones that are the same weight and will do a much better job. Worksharp, in particular, makes some smaller ceramic hones that are perfect for touch ups in the field. 

Whether you’re in the kitchen, or in the backcountry, a hone can be a great way to keep your edge sharp, and it will produce superior edges, remove less material, and be much less likely to damage your edge than pull through sharpeners.